When an aqueous solution of glucose is added with sodium amalgam or sodium borohydride, it gets reduced to sorbitol or blue, which is hexahedral alcohol. The formula of glucose has been found to be C6H12O6 Straight chain structure. The structure of glucose was assigned on the basis of the following reactions. It has an aldehyde group (-CHO), one primary alcoholic group, and 4 alcoholic secondary groups. It is a monomer of many of the larger carbohydrates such as star glycogen, cellulose, etc. Glucose is aldohexose which is also known as dextrose. Glucose is produced commercially from the hydrolysis of starch by boiling it with dilute H2SO4 at 390 k under the pressure of 2-3 atm. When sucrose is boiled with dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid in an alcoholic solution, glucose and fructose are obtained in equal amounts. In combined form, it occurs abundantly in cane sugar and polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose. Glucose occurs in nature in free and as well as in combined form. The polysaccharides are amorphous which are insoluble in water and tasteless they are known as non-sugars. Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides are crystalline solids that are soluble in water and have a sweet taste they are collectively called sugars. The sugar that we most commonly use is called sucrose, and the sugar present in milk is known as lactose. There are some other compounds that do not behave like carbohydrates but have the same formula of hydrates of carbon, such as formaldehyde.Ĭarbohydrates are classified into sugar, non-sugars, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, disaccharides, tetrasaccharides, and polysaccharides. There are some compounds that do not obey this formula these compounds are carbohydrates by their chemical behavior, for example, deoxyribose and rhamnose. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cm(H2O)nįor example, carbohydrates such as glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆), and sucrose C12H22O11 satisfied this general formula.

Carbohydrates are formed by plants by a process known as photosynthesis. Carbohydrates are composed of naturally occurring organic compounds of carbon-hydrogen and oxygen, which are primarily produced by plants.

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